Revue de la littérature sur les primates non-humains et leur pharmacopée comme nouvelle source de médicaments en régions tropicales
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Résumé
Les grands singes (chimpanzé, bonobo, gorille, orang-outan, gibbon) sont très proches de l'Homme du point de vue anatomique, physiologique
et génétique, ce qui justifie leur utilisation comme modèle biologique de choix dans les recherches biomédicales et pharmacobiologiques.
L'étude des automédications animales (zoopharmacognosie) montre que ces primates choisissent et ingèrent des plantes pour combattre des
infections ou apaiser des douleurs. Ces comportements influencent l'ethnopharmacologie humaine et la découverte de molécules bioactives
pour la médecine traditionnelle en Afrique Cette revue porte sur l'anatomie, la physiologie, le comportement et la systématique des primates
non humains et sur les conséquences de leurs comportements d'automédication sur la santé humaine. Dans la présente étude, il est clairement
établi un lien de parenté biologique entre ces primates non humains et l’homme grâce aux données génétiques et morphologiques mais aussi les
comportements techniques et sociaux de ces primates qui témoignent de leurs capacités cognitives. La présente revue de littérature met donc en
lumière le potentiel thérapeutique des plantes identifiées à partir de l'observation de ces animaux animale in situ et ouvre la voie de recourir à
la zoopharmacognosie comme stratégie pour sélectionner les plantes contre les maladies humaines telles que la drépanocytose.
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