Smallholder pig production in Boma (Democratic Republic of the Congo): Technoeconomic constraints, local feed resources and opportunities for sustainable intensification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59228/rcst.026.v5.i2.322Keywords:
pig production, techno-economic constraints, local feed resources, sustainability, Boma, Democratic Republic of the CongoAbstract
L'élevage porcin à petite échelle joue un rôle important dans la sécurité alimentaire et les moyens de subsistance ruraux en République démocratique du Congo
(RDC). Cependant, la productivité reste limitée par des difficultés techniques, économiques et sanitaires persistants qui freinent la pérennité du secteur, notamment
dans les zones périurbaines comme Boma. Cette étude synthétise les données actuelles sur les systèmes de production porcine à Boma, en mettant l'accent sur les
contraintes de production, le potentiel des ressources fourragères locales et les stratégies d'intensification durable. Une analyse documentaire structurée a été menée
à partir de publications à comité de lecture, de rapports institutionnels et de documents techniques publiés entre 2000 et 2026. Les données disponibles ont été
analysées de manière critique afin d'évaluer les systèmes de production, les pratiques d'alimentation, la santé animale, la biosécurité, la performance économique et
les possibilités de valorisation des ressources. La littérature indique que la production porcine à Boma est dominée par des systèmes traditionnels et semi-intensifs
à petite échelle, caractérisés par des pratiques d'alimentation inadéquates, un soutien vétérinaire limité, une biosécurité insuffisante et un accès restreint au crédit et
aux services de vulgarisation. L'alimentation représente le principal poste de dépenses, soit environ 60 à 75 % des coûts totaux de production. Les ressources locales
disponibles, telles que les produits du manioc, les sous-produits de brasserie, les résidus de plantain, la biomasse de légumineuses et les protéines d'insectes, offrent
un potentiel considérable pour réduire les coûts d'alimentation et améliorer l'efficacité de l'utilisation des ressources dans le cadre d'une bioéconomie circulaire.
De manière générale, l'amélioration des stratégies d'alimentation, le renforcement des services de santé animale, la promotion de la formation des éleveurs et le
soutien de politiques fondées sur des données probantes constituent des priorités essentielles pour améliorer la productivité, la résilience et la durabilité de la
production porcine à Boma. Les recherches futures devraient privilégier les évaluations technico-économiques intégrées et la validation sur le terrain des systèmes
d'alimentation adaptés localement.
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