Vulnérabilité territoriale et impacts climatiques dans le bassin du Mono (Togo)
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.59228/rcst.026.v5.i1.235Mots-clés :
vulnérabilité, inondation, sécheresse, feux de végétation, résilienceRésumé
Dans un contexte d’intensification des aléas climatiques avec des pluies extrêmes, sécheresses prolongées et feux de végétation, cette étude propose une analyse intégrée de la vulnérabilité des populations riveraines dans la partie septentrionale du bassin du Mono (Togo). Son originalité réside dans la mobilisation conjointe d’approches quantitatives et qualitatives, fondées sur une enquête de terrain menée de janvier à mars 2024 auprès de 149 personnes sélectionnées aléatoirement. Les entretiens semi-directifs réalisés via KoboCollect ont impliqué une diversité d’acteurs (agriculteurs, leaders communautaires, élus locaux, ONG/OSC, services municipaux et ANPC), permettant de croiser perceptions locales, réalités socio-économiques et risques environnementaux. Les données ont été analysées à l’aide des logiciels IBM SPSS Statistics 2.0 et R version 4.4.3. Les résultats confirment une forte vulnérabilité aux inondations, à la sécheresse et aux feux de végétation, avec des variations marquées selon les localités. Les tests de ????2 révèlent des associations très significatives (p < 0,001) et fortes (V de Cramer > 0,50), soulignant l’hétérogénéité territoriale. Les populations attribuent ces aléas à la perturbation des saisons et au réchauffement climatique. Les impacts identifiés sont multiples : pertes animales, destruction des cultures, déficit en eau et en fourrage, maladies et blessures en période d’inondation, mais aussi famine, pauvreté, inactivité ou pertes économiques dues aux sécheresses et aux feux. Les infrastructures publiques apparaissent particulièrement exposées, notamment lors des inondations. L’étude a montré enfin une hiérarchisation des impacts, centrée sur les effets les plus visibles et immédiats, qu’ils soient socio-économiques ou environnementaux.
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