Caractérisation des composes volatils et des polyphenols dans les feuilles et écorce des tiges de Croton sylvaticus Hochst (Euphorbiaceae) provenant de la République Démocratique du Congo
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Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude était d’identifier les composés phytochimiques volatils et de déterminer quantitativement la teneur
des polyphénols et flavonoïdes totaux de feuilles et écorces de tronc de Croton sylvaticus Hochst récoltées en République
Démocratique du Congo. L’analyse par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS)
des extraits a permis d'identifier 35 composés volatils dans les feuilles et 18 dans les écorces de tronc. Les principaux
composés des feuilles incluent limonène (11,93%), guaiadiène (8,37%), α- Copaène (7,92 %), valencène (7,57 %),
germacrène (6,42 %), caryophyllène (6,06 %) et humulène (3,03 %), tandis que les écorces de tronc contiennent
principalement α-pinène (9,05 %), guaïadiène (4,17 %), β-pinène (3,21 %) et cyperène. (3,06%). Les composés identifiés
sont en majorité des monoterpènes et sesquiterpènes. Les teneurs en polyphénols et en flavonoïdes ont été déterminées
respectivement par les méthodes de Folin Ciocalteu et de trichlorure d’aluminium. Les extraits dichlorométhanique,
méthanolique et aqueux présentent des teneurs moyennes en polyphénols de 57.98 ± 0.15 mg d’équivalent d’acide gallique
par gramme de matière sèche et en flavonoïdes de 32.7 ± 0.2 mg d’équivalent de quercétine par gramme. Ces résultats
démontrent le potentiel chimique C. sylvaticus comme source des métabolites secondaires bioactifs.
Mots-clés : Croton sylvaticus, Composés volatils, Analyse phytochimique, GC-MS.
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