Usages ethnobotaniques et potentiel anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant et antidrépanocytaire de Alchornea cordifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Müll. Arg. : revue systématique et méta-analyse pondérée par le risque de biais
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.59228/rcst.026.v5.i2.296Mots-clés :
Alchornea cordifolia, drépanocytose, inflammation, antioxydant, ethnobotanique, revue systématique, PRISMARésumé
Alchornea cordifolia, Euphorbiaceae d'Afrique tropicale, est largement utilisée en médecine traditionnelle contre les affections inflammatoires, infectieuses et hématologiques, notamment la drépanocytose. Une synthèse intégrant ses usages ethnobotaniques, ses bases phytochimiques et ses activités pharmacologiques faisait défaut. Une revue systématique conforme aux recommandations PRISMA 2020 a été réalisée sur la littérature publiée entre 2000 et 2026. Au total, 1 299 références ont été identifiées et 64 études retenues après sélection. Le risque de biais a été évalué à l'aide des outils SYRCLE, ROBINS-I, AMSTAR-2 et des critères CONSIDER. Une méta-analyse descriptive pondérée selon le risque de biais a également été réalisée. Les résultats montrent un fort potentiel pharmacologique d’Alchornea cordifolia. Les activités anti-inflammatoire, antioxydante et antidrépanocytaire sont confirmées par des études précliniques et attribuées principalement aux composés phénoliques, flavonoïdes et triterpénoïdes. Alchornea cordifolia constitue une plante médicinale africaine prometteuse. Toutefois, l'hétérogénéité méthodologique et l'absence d'essais cliniques limitent le niveau de preuve. Des études standardisées et des essais cliniques sont indispensables pour confirmer son efficacité, sa sécurité et son potentiel dans le développement de nouveaux phytomédicaments.
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