Bioactivity and phytochemical Study of Leaf extracts of Jatropha podagrica Hook. and Euphorbia hirta L. (Euphorbiaceae)]
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Abstract
Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the presence of erythrocytes containing hemoglobin S in the blood. In Africa, this hemoglobinopathy is the leading genetic disease in terms of the number of cases. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2% of the population is affected, and the majority of patients die before the age of five in the absence of medical care. Those who survive, however, suffer from damage to certain vital organs, which significantly reduces their life expectancy.
Anthocyanin and methanolic extracts of Jatropha podagrica and Euphorbia hirta were used in this study to evaluate their antisickling and antibacterial activities. Various secondary metabolites were also identified using thin-layer chromatography. The phytochemical profile of the extracts is primarily dominated by various secondary metabolites such as coumarins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids. As for the mineral composition, the results revealed the presence of various elements, including calcium, iron, sodium, and magnesium.
The antibacterial activity of the extracts of Jatropha podagrica and Euphorbia hirta proved promising against the bacterial strains tested. Furthermore, these extracts demonstrated good antisickling activities, which are directly related to their phytochemical compositions. The results of the in silico study on antisickling activity confirmed the observations from the in vitro experiments.
All these results provide scientific evidence supporting the use of these medicinal plants in the management of sickle cell disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
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