Usages ethnobotaniques et potentiel anti-inflammatoire, antioxydant et antidrépanocytaire d’Annona muricata L.,1753 : revue systématique et méta-analyse
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.59228/rcst.026.v5.i2.295Mots-clés :
Annona muricata L, ethnobotanique, anti inflammatoire, antioxydant, antidrépanocytaire, méta analyse, PRISMARésumé
Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae) est une plante largement utilisée dans la pharmacopée traditionnelle contre diverses affections inflammatoires, métaboliques et parasitaires, mais les preuves scientifiques restent fragmentées. Cette revue systématique et méta analyse visait à évaluer ses usages ethnobotaniques et ses propriétés pharmacobiologiques, notamment les activités anti inflammatoires, antioxydantes et antidrépanocytaires. Une recherche documentaire exhaustive (2010–2025) a été réalisé en suivant les recommandations de la norme PRISMA 2020. Cependant, la sélection des études ethnobotaniques, phytochimiques et pharmacologiques (in vitro, in vivo, in silico) ont été réalisées selon les critères PICOS. Ensuite, les données quantitatives incluses ont été harmonisées et analysées systématiquement en utilisant les modèles à effets aléatoires (REML), les outils adaptés (NOS, JBI, ROBINS I, SYRCLE, RoB2) pour évaluer le risque de biais. Les résultats de cette recherche confirment une activité anti inflammatoire significative et reproductible, attribuée notamment aux flavonoïdes et polyphénols. Cependant, l’activité antioxydante apparaît notable mais avec une forte hétérogénéité, reflétant ainsi l’influence des solvants et des méthodes d’évaluation. Par ailleurs, l’activité antidrépanocytaire apparait homogène et notamment a cause des acétogénines et polyphénols qui inhibent la polymérisation de l’hémoglobine SS. Annona. muricata présente des propriétés thérapeutiques prometteuses. Cependant, la robustesse des conclusions reste limitée par l’hétérogénéité méthodologique, le biais de publication ainsi que l’absence d’essais cliniques. Par ailleurs, la standardisation des extraits, la validation in vivo ainsi que la réalisation d’études cliniques rigoureuses apparaissent indispensables pour la confirmation de sa pertinence pharmacologique et thérapeutique.
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