Analyse intégrée de la flore, de la diversité des adventices et du stockage du carbone du sol de trois agrosystèmes maraîchers tropicaux du sud Togo
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Abstract
Faced with the intensification of agricultural practices and increasing anthropogenic pressures on natural resources, tropical agrosystems are facing a dual requirement: maintaining their productivity while preserving essential ecological functions, such as biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. In this context, understanding the interactions between floristic diversity and carbon sequestration potential in agroecosystems is a major scientific and ecological challenge, particularly in tropical regions of West Africa, where data remain limited. This study addresses this issue and aims to characterize floristic composition, species diversity and carbon stocks in three agrosystems in southern Togo: the Atti-Apédokoé lowland, the lower Zio valley and the sandbank. To do this, multivariate analyses (hierarchical clustering based on Bray-Curtis distance and Ward method, principal component analysis) were combined with diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Pielou) and dissimilarity (Jaccard) to characterize ecologically homogeneous plant communities. Carbon levels were compared using ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests. The results reveal a strong floristic heterogeneity between the plots, with high species richness in some areas (P13 to P18) and low in others (P2 to P4). The Atti-Apédokoé lowland stands out for its floristic richness and unique species composition, with Jaccard dissimilarity indices greater than 0.70. Carbon levels follow the same trend: the most diverse plots have significantly higher stocks, particularly in Atti-Apédokoé (ANOVA: F = 60.13; p < 0.001). These results suggest a strong link between floristic diversity and carbon sequestration, influenced by plant structure and soil characteristics. The study highlights the importance of promoting agroecological practices that promote plant diversity, with a view to the sustainability of tropical agricultural systems.
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