Optimized biodiesel production from Carapa procera and Hura crepitans seed oils using acid and basic catalysts derived from seed hulls
Main Article Content
Abstract
The increasing demand for stocks. Trenewable energy sources has spurred interest in biodiesel production from non-conventional feedhis study
investigated the production of biodiesel from oils extracted from Carapa procera and Hura crepitans seeds, utilizing acid and basic catalysts
derived from their hulls. Oils from Carapa procera (HCP) and Hura crepitans (HHC) were transesterified with ethanol, employing an acidic
catalyst for HCP and a basic catalyst for HHC, both synthesized from the respective seed hulls. The basic catalyst derived from Hura crepitans
hulls demonstrated effective transesterification and maintained catalytic activity over multiple uses. High yields of ethyl esters were obtained
for both Carapa procera (EEHCP) and Hura crepitans (EEHHC) oils. A B10 blend of EEHHC and fossil diesel met various ASTM D6751
specifications, including pour point, appearance, flash point, color, sulfur content, and density. The B10 blend also adhered to ASTM standards
for viscosity, distillation, cetane number, copper corrosion, and carbon residue. However, B100 biodiesel from Carapa procera exhibited
viscosity and acid number values slightly outside the standard limits, as did the viscosity of EEHHC, requiring further treatment, such as
extended reaction time or blending with petrodiesel for viscosity adjustment. Based on these findings, Hura crepitans biodiesel can be blended
with commercial diesel up to 10% by volume, meeting ASTM standards and making it suitable for use in diesel engines. Additional optimization
is recommended for B100 from Carapa procera to ensure full compliance with biodiesel specifications.
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