Analyse du Commerce de la Viande de Brousse au Marche Central de Lomela, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo.

Yves Aseke Lukuke; Pierre Okitese Onyumbe; Robert Tambwe Lumumba; Jean Losaka Ngongo; Sabine Shongo Anangelo; Mukamba Kalalu; Joseph Olamba Omanguwo

Analysis of the Bushmeat Trade at the Central Market of Lomela, Sankuru, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Authors

Yves Aseke Lukuke Université Notre-Dame de Tshumbe, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Pierre Okitese Onyumbe Université Notre-Dame de Tshumbe, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Robert Tambwe Lumumba Université Notre-Dame de Tshumbe, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Jean Losaka Ngongo Université Notre-Dame de Tshumbe, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Sabine Shongo Anangelo Université Notre-Dame de Tshumbe, Faculté des Sciences Economiques et de Gestion, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Mukamba Kalalu Institut Supérieur d’Études Agronomiques de Lomela (ISEA-Lomela) et Université Laurent-Désiré Kabila/Lomela (ULDK/Lomela), Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author
Joseph Olamba Omanguwo 4Institut Supérieur Pédagogique de Wembonyama, Département d’Agrovétérinaire, Sankuru, République Démocratique du Congo Author

Keywords:

Analysis, trade, bushmeat, market, exploitation, wildlife, natural resource management

Abstract

In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), particularly in forest areas, bushmeat constitutes an essential food and economic resource, providing up to 80% of animal protein to local communities after fish. In Lomela, in Sankuru Province, its trade occupies an important place in socio-economic life. However, this activity takes place in a context of weak governance and lack of effective control over wildlife exploitation, thereby compromising the sustainability of natural resources. This study, conducted from January 18 to March 28, 2019, at the central market of Lomela, analyzes the bushmeat trade in order to assess its impact on local wildlife biodiversity. The methodology is based on surveys conducted among sellers, hunters, and local authorities, as well as on the inventory of species traded, volumes sold, prices charged, and conservation techniques. The results reveal the massive sale of eight main species, notably Tragelaphus euryceros (22%), Atherurus africanus (18%), and Cephalophus monticola (16%). Despite the legal ban affecting 13 species, some continue to be traded. Overexploitation has led to the scarcity of 11 species and the local disappearance of the buffalo (Cyncerus caffer caffer) and the elephant (Loxodonta africana). The main factors identified are poverty, unemployment, non-enforcement of regulations, and the lack of economic alternatives. Smoking remains the only conservation method. In addition, 90% of the game comes from Lomela, with the remainder coming from Tshuapa. The study highlights the unsustainable exploitation of wildlife and recommends participatory management, alternative employment, community awareness, wildlife farming, and strengthened control measures.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abernethy, K. A., Coad, L., Taylor, G., Lee, M. E., & Maisels, F. (2013). Extent and ecological consequences of hunting in Central African rainforests in the twenty-first century. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 368(1625), 20120303. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0303

Bahuchet, S., & Loveva, K. (1999). De la forêt au marché : Le commerce de gibier au Sud Cameroun. In S. Bahuchet, D. Bley, H. Pagezy, & N. Vernazza-Licht (Eds.), L’homme et la forêt tropicale (Vol. 2, pp. 533–558). Société d’Écologie Humaine.

Bahuchet, S., & Loveva, K. M. (1998). Le rôle de la restauration de rue dans l’approvisionnement des villes en viande sauvage : Cas de Yaoundé (Cameroun). In D. Bley (Ed.), Villes du Sud et environnement (pp. 171–182). Bergier.

Bahuchet, S., Bauly, S., Dounias, E., Fromment, A., Grenand, D., Loveva, K., Koppert, G., Newing, H., Solly, H., & Trefon, T. (2000). La filière viande de brousse. In S. Bahuchet (Ed.), Les peuples des forêts tropicales aujourd’hui (Vol. 2, pp. 331–363). APFT.

Bahuchet, S. (2015). Catching the elusive: Hunting and conservation in Central Africa. In Food and environment in Africa.

Béné, C., Macfadyen, G., & Allison, E. H. (2009). Increasing the contribution of small-scale fisheries to poverty alleviation and food security (FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 481). FAO.

Bennett, E. L., & Robinson, J. G. (2000). Hunting of wildlife in tropical forests: Implications for biodiversity and forest peoples. World Bank.

Chardonnet, P. (1995). Faune sauvage africaine : La ressource oubliée (Tomes 1–2). Commission Européenne & CIRAD-EMVT.

Cowlishaw, G., & Dunbar, R. (2000). Primate conservation biology. University of Chicago Press.

Czudek, R. (2001). Utilisation rationnelle de la faune sauvage en Afrique (Document de travail sur la gestion de la faune sauvage No. 1). FAO.

Debroux, L., et al. (2007). Forests in post-conflict Democratic Republic of Congo: Analysis of a priority agenda. CIFOR.

De Merode, E., Homewood, K., & Cowlishaw, G. (2004). The value of bushmeat and other wild foods to rural households living in extreme poverty in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Biological Conservation, 118(5), 573–581.

Fa, J. E., Currie, D., & Meeuwig, J. (2003). Bushmeat and food security in the Congo Basin: Linkages between wildlife and people’s future. Environmental Conservation, 30(1), 71–78.

Fa, J. E., et al. (2015). Bushmeat and food security in the Congo Basin: Linkages, drivers, and strategies. Biological Conservation, 191, 103–110.

Fargeot, C. (2003). La chasse commerciale en Afrique centrale. Cahiers d’Outre-Mer, 56(224), 451–471.

Freese, C. H. (1997). Harvesting wild species: Implications for biodiversity conservation. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ichikawa, M. (2014). Sustainability of African rainforest hunter-gatherers: A comparative perspective. African Study Monographs, Supplementary Issue, 47, 61–84.

Inogwabini, B.-I., Mbende, L., & Tshimanga, R. M. (2020). Bushmeat trade and consumption patterns in the Congo Basin: A synthesis. Tropical Conservation Science, 13, 1–12.

Laurance, W. F., et al. (2006). Impacts of roads and hunting on Central African rainforest mammals. Conservation Biology, 20(4), 1251–1261.

Lindsey, P. A., et al. (2013). The bushmeat trade in African savannas: Impacts, drivers, and possible solutions. Biological Conservation, 160, 80–96.

Maisels, F., et al. (2013). Devastating decline of forest elephants in Central Africa. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e59469.

Milner-Gulland, E. J., Bennett, E. L., & SCB 2002 Annual Meeting Wild Meat Group. (2003). Wild meat: The bigger picture. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18(7), 351–357.

Mittermeier, R. A., et al. (2011). Hotspots revisited: Earth’s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. CEMEX.

Myers, N., et al. (2000). Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403(6772), 853–858.

Nasi, R., Taber, A., & van Vliet, N. (2011). Empty forests, empty stomachs? Bushmeat and livelihoods in the Congo and Amazon Basins. International Forestry Review, 13(3), 355–368.

Nogueira, S. S. C., Nogueira-Filho, S. L. G., & Fragoso, J. M. V. (2015). Ecological sustainability of wildlife use in the Amazon. Ecology and Society, 20(3), 1–10.

Poulsen, J. R., Clark, C. J., & Bolker, B. M. (2017). Decoupling the effects of logging and hunting on an Afrotropical animal community. Ecological Applications, 21(5), 1819–1836.

Roe, D., et al. (2015). Beyond enforcement: Engaging communities in tackling wildlife crime. IIED.

Tensen, L. (2016). Under what circumstances can wildlife farming benefit species conservation? Global Ecology and Conservation, 6, 286–298.

Tutin, C. E. G., & Fernandez, M. (2001). Primates and bushmeat: A recipe for extinction. In R. A. Mittermeier (Ed.), Hunting and bushmeat utilization in the African rain forest (pp. 125–129). Conservation International.

UICN. (2021). The IUCN Red List of threatened species. https://www.iucnredlist.org

van Vliet, N., et al. (2012). Bushmeat trade and consumption in urban centers of the Global South: A review. Tropical Conservation Science, 5(4), 552–575.

Wilkie, D. S., & Carpenter, J. F. (1999). Bushmeat hunting in the Congo Basin: An assessment of impacts and options for mitigation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8(7), 927–955.

Wilkie, D. S., et al. (2005). Role of prices and wealth in consumer demand for bushmeat in Gabon. Conservation Biology, 19(1), 268–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00582.x

Wolfe, N. D., Daszak, P., Kilpatrick, A. M., & Burke, D. S. (2005). Bushmeat hunting, deforestation, and prediction of zoonotic disease emergence. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 11(12), 1822–1827.